CARMINE carries out its approach in eight Case Study Areas, in which we establish Living Labs and analyse the climate risks and socio-economic vulnerabilities, to co-develop sectoral Digital Twin use cases and co-design decision-support tools and propose climate-resilient development pathways (including Nature-Based Solutions). The Case Study Areas are selected in eight countries, focusing on diverse socio-economic profiles, types of communities, vulnerabilities, climate impacts drivers and geographical distribution across Europe:

_{Selection of CARMINE Case Study Areas: Prague (CZ), Leipzig (DE), Funen-Odense (DK), Athens (EL), Barcelona (ES), Bologna (IT), Brașov (RO), Birmingham (UK).}

Specific climate change challenges and potential outputs related to climate adaptation and resilience are estimated for each Case Study Area. All Case Study Areas are regions with GDP/capita 20,000-40,000 USD (average 2013-2018), ranked 21-51 on the Climate Risk Index (1999-2018) concerning reported damages and fatalities from climate-related events, with >40% (>50%) population very or extremely worried about climate change and with relatively high vulnerability of population to disasters and humanitarian crises. In each Case Study Area/Living Lab, deficiencies and constraints in Adaptation and Mitigation planning (i.e. such as the lack of climate and socio-economic data, resources, knowledge, finance, and/or political will and private sector support) are evaluated to address adaptation concerns and identify sensitive sectors, critical assets, and vulnerable groups.